Improvement in processes of printing fabrics



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDOUARD A. D. GUIGHARD, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

I IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES OF PRINTING FABRICS..

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 128,302, dated June 25, 1872.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDOUARD AUGUSTE DESIRE GUICHABD, of Paris, France, ornamental architect, have invented a new and Improved Printing Process on Fabrics of all Descriptions; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact descrip tion of the same.

Myinvention refers to a new process of printing on fabrics of all sorts, such as silk, wool, cotton, hemp, flax, &c., whether they are woven in combination with one another or separately.

The known methods heretofore of printing on the above fabrics consists-First, inlaying directly, by means of plates or rollers on the spots to be colored, the color which has been sufficiently thickened with gum, starch, fecula, &c., so that it may not spread beyond the limits of the print, and become mixed when employed severally at once. In this process, which is chiefly applicable to woolen and silk fabrics, the mordants intended to fix the colors are mixed therewith previous to printing. Secondly, in printing suitable mordants on given points of the cloth surface, then dipping the latter in to a dyeing-bath as usual, the coloring matter adhering and combining securely with the mordant-impregnated parts, so that there only result lively colors for such so-satnrated parts, the non-saturated ones being but slightly affected by colors, which are readily taken off by washings in running water, by being exposed on mead or passed into discoloring solutions. This is the process most generally used for printing calicoes. Thirdly, in dyeing, the fabrics as usual after covering the parts which are to be protected with reserves andresists, whereby they are secured against the action of the coloringbath and coloring matters, which latter are readily taken away after the dyeing operation, when a different color may be afterward, if required,-imparted to said protected parts. Fourthly, in operating by chemical discharges, which, being applied on the mordant-printed or evenly-dyed fabric on the determined spots, cause the tissue to turn white again in said spots, which may be colored again, and thus yield a printed fabric with diversely-tinted figures.

My process differs from the above methods. I make a sauce, coat, or compound, which being mixed with the desired colors is imprinted directly, by means of plates or rollers, on any fabrics whatever may be their nature. This so-called sauce or compound is composed as follows:

Oil varnish 13 parts.

Essence of turpentine 5 White or yellow wax l Resin, (colophony or other) 1 Total .20 parts.

This liquid compound is mixed and color added thereto, ground with linseed-oil in sufficient quantity to obtain a suitable thickening thereof. The above proportions are to be slightly modified, according to the nature of the fabrics to be printed. It is the manufacturers duty to account for the various dress ings, the different bleaching processes of fabrics, and consequently practice alone can indicate what may be the different dosings, as such or such fabric is to be operated upon. The above-quoted proportions have proved to me the most successful in my various experiments.

Somefabric printers-and, namely, Chiffonnage dyers-actually print fabrics with oil-colors, the appearance of such impressions being pasty, and also by the touch resembling oil-cloth prints, with color set off in relief, while by this my process the color is set off in the dyeing state rather than otherwise. The same is translucent, resists to washing in water, and only loses one or two heights of its tone by its being washed in soap-water.

With the above preparation the colors need no longer be fixed by means of steam, nor washed after the printing, and any previous manipulation to printing is thereby dispensed with. Moreover, it will be observed that the fabric printed upon needs no special preparaage, on impressions made on warp. For impressions made by means of glue it is necessary, in order to obviate the same defect, to lay an undercoating, so as to receive the color laid by the printers plate.

In oil-printin g on fabrics as heretofore, and, may be, so as to avoid a full or partial glueing,'it is perfectly obvious, by the sight and touch, that the color is applied in the state of solid and not translucent paste, and consequently forms a relief on the tissue, attacking merely the epidermis, as it were, of the fabric, and not being wholly absorbed by the filaments, as would be the case with a dyeing, or, again, as would prove to be the colors heretofore used in cloth-printing, and which may be called chemical colors.

The process has been hereinbefore alluded to whereby all fabrics can be printed with oilbased colors, any special apparatus being suppressed, and the color being allowed to pass through the body of the fabric without any visible chinage, and in manner as would operate a dyeing.

The results attained by me are the following: First, printing and dyeing fabrics with liquid translucent and not solid pasty colors, as has been practiced heretofore; secondly, traversing the tissue without any previous peculiar preparation, and without the color spreading beyond the printed limit; thirdly, obtaining that the imprinted or bath-applied' color by my described processes shall get neither scaled nor pulverized by friction, as

is the case with fabrics printed to this day with oil-colors.

It is obvious, then, and will be readily stated, that the result of my described processes constitutes a regular improvement in fabric painting, and has been unprecedented to this day,

although the materials employed are well known, if we only examine the actual oilcolored and printed products known in trade under various denominations, such as oil-cloth, oil -printed fabrics of dress, awning, waterproof, and other articles of manufacture printed with oil-pastes; and, also, the fabrics known by the name of untranslucent or opaque stores. For certain fabrics I may modify the above proportions and dosings, as indicated by me. The following mixture added to the oilground color has proved to me essentially successful inits application on certain fabrics:

1. Linseed-oil boiled andburnt 1 lb. 2. Linseed-oil half burnt and well scoured 1 3. White wax, (in certain cases dispensed with) 0% 4. Essence of turpentine 1% Total 4"lbs.

The linseed-oil ground-color is added in sufficient quantity to produce a somewhat thick sirup, so as to obtain a translucent color, such translucency constituting the progress which I claim.

I reserve all my rights to applying my process to hand-made painting; and also to impressions on leather, paper, &c., as, heretofore,

previous to applying such impressions, the

tissues were to be prepared. I wish it to be well understood that I reserve likewise the two above compositions, which I use according to requirements, now the one and now the other, as specified.

Claim.

EDOUARD AUGU'srE DESIRE GUICHARD. Witnesses:

CHARLES DESNOS, ADOLPHE EUGENE GUION. 

